The short answer
Choosing a pallet means deciding material (wood vs plastic), structure (stringer vs block), and condition/grade (new, recycled #1, or recycled #2). The 48"×40" GMA pallet is the North American standard. Recycled #2 pallets are cheapest for in-house and one-way use; new and plastic pallets suit shipping, food/pharma and automation. For international shipments, wood pallets must be ISPM-15 heat-treated.
Wood vs. plastic
Wood is the low-cost, repairable, widely available default. Plastic costs more up front but is lighter, hygienic, dimensionally consistent and long-lasting — the choice for closed loops, food/pharma, automation and export (no heat treatment required).
Stringer vs. block
Stringer pallets use 2x4 stringers and are typically two-way (notched for partial four-way access). Block pallets use nine blocks for true four-way forklift and pallet-jack entry, carry more weight and last longer. The 48"×40" GMA pallet is a stringer pallet.
Recycled grades: #1 vs. #2
Recycled pallets are sorted by grade.
| Grade | Condition | Best for |
|---|---|---|
| #1 (Grade A) | Repaired as needed, no broken boards, near-new | Shipping to customers |
| #2 (Grade B) | Sound but weathered, may have stringer repairs | In-house & one-way use |
Weight ratings
A standard 48"×40" GMA pallet typically handles a static load around 7,500 lbs, a dynamic (moving) load around 4,600 lbs, and a racked load around 2,800 lbs. Block and heavy plastic pallets carry more; always match the rating to your actual loaded weight and how the pallet is supported.
Export: ISPM-15 heat treatment
Solid-wood packaging crossing international borders must comply with ISPM-15 — the wood must be heat-treated (HT) and stamped with the IPPC mark. Untreated wood can get shipments held or rejected at customs. Plastic pallets are exempt from ISPM-15, which is why many exporters switch to plastic on international lanes.
Frequently asked questions
What is the standard pallet size?
The North American standard is the 48"×40" GMA pallet, a stringer pallet used across most retail and distribution supply chains.
Should I buy wood or plastic pallets?
Wood is cheaper, repairable and best for shipping and general use. Plastic is hygienic, consistent and long-lasting — best for closed loops, food/pharma, automation and export (no heat treatment needed).
Do I need heat-treated pallets for export?
Yes for wood. International solid-wood packaging must be ISPM-15 heat-treated and IPPC-stamped. Plastic pallets are exempt.
How much weight can a 48x40 pallet hold?
A standard GMA pallet typically holds about 7,500 lbs static, 4,600 lbs dynamic and 2,800 lbs racked, varying by grade and construction.
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